{"generated":"2026-07-23","methodology":"https://spannhq.com/study/methods","license":"https://spannhq.com/study/methods#data-use","universe":{"domains":2642,"source":"Japan Ryokan and Hotel Association directory and prefectural association member lists"},"compliant_crawl":{"unreachable":{"count":684,"percent":25.9},"fetched":1958,"no_actionable_email_of_fetched":{"count":1417,"percent":72.4},"lodging_schema_of_fetched":{"count":117,"percent":6},"any_structured_data_of_fetched":{"count":556,"percent":28.4},"any_machine_actionable_surface_of_fetched":{"percent":82.1},"no_machine_actionable_path_of_full_universe":{"count":1035,"percent":39.2},"recognizable_booking_engine_of_fetched":{"count":984,"percent":50.3},"homepage_actionable_email":{"count":285,"oneIn":9}},"caveats":["The universe includes properties with a published website, creating optimistic selection bias.","Engine detection measures presence, not agent usability.","Fetch failures can include transient conditions.","Small supervised booking samples are excluded from these rates."]}